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An artistic but accurate look at the anatomical human heart, to illustrate a CR article about how some chemotherapy can have the unfortunate side effect of injuring the heart.
Nanospheres carrying drugs are targeted directly to the cancer cells. Digitally rendered for CR magazine.
Digitally rendered for USC Alumni Trojan magazine.
Some hypothesize that there are cancer stem cells which must be targeted to fully destroy the cancer. Digitally rendered for CR magazine.
Digitally rendered for the CR magazine.
An artistic interpretation of RNA. Scientists have discovered that ribonucleic acid, or RNA, has a broad range of cellular functions. So-called "small RNAs" constitute a potent set of molecules that can regulate cellular processes including development, pathogen defense and stress response.
Digitally rendered for the University of California at Berkeley.
A macrophage engulfs a dying tissue cell that has been mutated by carcinogens and is undergoing apoptosis. Digitally rendered for CR magazine.
A scientific illustration depicting how cells can move material from outside the cell directly and quickly into the nucleus via phagosomes. Digitally rendered for the National Science Foundation.
Research looks at how microtubules are modified to direct cellular traffic. Digitally rendered for the National Science Foundation.
E. coli bacteria propel themselves forward by bundling several of the flagellum together. Digitally rendered for the National Science Foundation.
The causative agent of malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, infects red blood cells. The parasite replicates itself until it bursts the host cell, ready to infect more. This cycle is what causes the hallmark cyclical fevers of malaria. Drawn in pen and ink, and colored digitally..
A look into a eukaryote cell to see how proteins are made. DNA in the nucleus is ‘read’ by RNA polymerase, then ribosomes in the cytoplasm produce an amino acid strand that folds into a functional protein. Digitally rendered for the National Science Foundation.
Patients undergoing chemotherapy must work harder at certain tasks to complete the same mental tasks. The inset shows normal brain activity. Created digitally for CR magazine.
Growth factor receptors are critical to the healthy functioning of cells. In some kinds of cancer, growth factors become too much of a good thing, constantly signalling the cells growth to be switched on. Some chemotherapy drugs try to target these growth factor receptors to block the out of control signals. Drawn for CR magazine.
An engineered cell can be primed with antigens that will specifically target diseased cells, like those in tumors. Digitally illustrated and 3d rendered for the National Science Foundation.
As cancer advances, it leaves the primary tumor via blood and lymph vessels, to form secondary tumors elsewhere in the body. Cancer artwork digitally drawn for CR magazine.
Cancer recruits new blood vessel growth to feed the expanding tumor in a process called angiogenesis. Scientists are working on drugs to prune back the blood vessels, helping other drugs find a more direct route to the tumor. Art digitally rendered for CR magazine.
Microbes have been found living in the most extreme, strange environments. In Yellowstone microbves thrive in hotsprings. Digitally drawn for the National Science Foundation.